diff --git a/app/access_controls/access_controls_reload.php b/app/access_controls/access_controls_reload.php
index aaa6f585f2..678d19c1ad 100644
--- a/app/access_controls/access_controls_reload.php
+++ b/app/access_controls/access_controls_reload.php
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ else {
 }
 
 //set the variables
-	$search = $_REQUEST['search'];
+	$search = $_REQUEST['search'] ?? '';
 
 //create event socket connection
 	$fp = event_socket_create($_SESSION['event_socket_ip_address'], $_SESSION['event_socket_port'], $_SESSION['event_socket_password']);
@@ -63,4 +63,4 @@ else {
 
 	header("Location: ".$location);
 
-?>
\ No newline at end of file
+?>
diff --git a/app/call_recordings/resources/classes/call_recordings.php b/app/call_recordings/resources/classes/call_recordings.php
index 8e6f89a7a9..7ad2f08be7 100644
--- a/app/call_recordings/resources/classes/call_recordings.php
+++ b/app/call_recordings/resources/classes/call_recordings.php
@@ -165,6 +165,7 @@ if (!class_exists('call_recordings')) {
 
 				//download the file
 					if ($full_recording_path != '/' && file_exists($full_recording_path)) {
+ 						ob_clean();
 						$fd = fopen($full_recording_path, "rb");
 						if ($this->binary) {
 							header("Content-Type: application/force-download");
@@ -187,12 +188,13 @@ if (!class_exists('call_recordings')) {
 							header("Content-Length: ".filesize($full_recording_path));
 						}
  						ob_clean();
- 						fpassthru($fd);
 
 						//content-range
 						if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_RANGE']) && !$this->binary)  {
 							$this->range_download($full_recording_path);
 						}
+
+ 						fpassthru($fd);
 					}
 
 				//if base64, remove temp recording file
diff --git a/app/contacts/contact_import.php b/app/contacts/contact_import.php
index cbda01c92e..19bab8baf7 100644
--- a/app/contacts/contact_import.php
+++ b/app/contacts/contact_import.php
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@
 
 		//user selected fields, labels
 			$fields = $_POST['fields'];
-			$labels = $_POST['labels'];
+			$labels = $_POST['labels'] ?? [];
 			
 		//set the domain_uuid
 			$domain_uuid = $_SESSION['domain_uuid'];
diff --git a/app/destinations/destination_imports.php b/app/destinations/destination_imports.php
index 3fa507ef93..1f36753266 100644
--- a/app/destinations/destination_imports.php
+++ b/app/destinations/destination_imports.php
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@
 					fclose($handle);
 
 				//save to the data
-					if (is_array($array)) {
+					if (!empty($array) && is_array($array)) {
 						$database = new database;
 						$database->app_name = 'destinations';
 						$database->app_uuid = '5ec89622-b19c-3559-64f0-afde802ab139';
@@ -1027,4 +1027,4 @@
 //include the footer
 	require_once "resources/footer.php";
 
-?>
\ No newline at end of file
+?>
diff --git a/app/dialplan_inbound/dialplan_inbound_add.php b/app/dialplan_inbound/dialplan_inbound_add.php
index 09935e7786..06674fb654 100644
--- a/app/dialplan_inbound/dialplan_inbound_add.php
+++ b/app/dialplan_inbound/dialplan_inbound_add.php
@@ -765,7 +765,7 @@
 	echo "</td>\n";
 	echo "<td class='vtable' align='left'>\n";
 	echo "	<select name='public_order' class='formfld'>\n";
-	if (strlen(htmlspecialchars($public_order))> 0) {
+	if (!empty($public_order) && strlen(htmlspecialchars($public_order))> 0) {
 		echo "		<option selected='yes' value='".htmlspecialchars($public_order)."'>".htmlspecialchars($public_order)."</option>\n";
 	}
 	$i = 100;
@@ -787,13 +787,13 @@
 	echo "</td>\n";
 	echo "<td class='vtable' align='left'>\n";
 	echo "    <select class='formfld' name='dialplan_enabled'>\n";
-	if ($dialplan_enabled == "true") {
+	if (!empty($dialplan_enabled) && $dialplan_enabled == "true") {
 		echo "    <option value='true' SELECTED >".$text['label-true']."</option>\n";
 	}
 	else {
 		echo "    <option value='true'>".$text['label-true']."</option>\n";
 	}
-	if ($dialplan_enabled == "false") {
+	if (!empty($dialplan_enabled) && $dialplan_enabled == "false") {
 		echo "    <option value='false' SELECTED >".$text['label-false']."</option>\n";
 	}
 	else {
diff --git a/app/dialplan_outbound/dialplan_outbound_add.php b/app/dialplan_outbound/dialplan_outbound_add.php
index 191659220a..67dae65309 100644
--- a/app/dialplan_outbound/dialplan_outbound_add.php
+++ b/app/dialplan_outbound/dialplan_outbound_add.php
@@ -1007,7 +1007,7 @@ function type_onchange(dialplan_detail_type) {
 				echo "</optgroup>";
 				echo "<optgroup label='&nbsp; &nbsp;".$domain_name."'>\n";
 			}
-			if ($row['gateway'] == $gateway_name) {
+			if (!empty($gateway_name) && $row['gateway'] == $gateway_name) {
 				echo "<option value=\"".escape($row['gateway_uuid']).":".escape($row['gateway'])."\" selected=\"selected\">".escape($row['gateway'])."</option>\n";
 			}
 			else {
@@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@ function type_onchange(dialplan_detail_type) {
 			}
 		}
 		else {
-			if ($row['gateway'] == $gateway_name) {
+			if (!empty($gateway_name) && $row['gateway'] == $gateway_name) {
 				echo "<option value=\"".escape($row['gateway_uuid']).":".escape($row['gateway'])."\" $onchange selected=\"selected\">".escape($row['gateway'])."</option>\n";
 			}
 			else {
@@ -1067,7 +1067,7 @@ function type_onchange(dialplan_detail_type) {
 				echo "	</optgroup>\n";
 				echo "	<optgroup label='&nbsp; &nbsp;".$domain_name."'>\n";
 			}
-			if ($row['gateway'] == $gateway_2_name) {
+			if (!empty($gateway_2_name) && $row['gateway'] == $gateway_2_name) {
 				echo "		<option value=\"".escape($row['gateway_uuid']).":".escape($row['gateway'])."\" selected=\"selected\">".escape($row['gateway'])."</option>\n";
 			}
 			else {
@@ -1075,7 +1075,7 @@ function type_onchange(dialplan_detail_type) {
 			}
 		}
 		else {
-			if ($row['gateway'] == $gateway_2_name) {
+			if (!empty($gateway_2_name) && $row['gateway'] == $gateway_2_name) {
 				echo "		<option value=\"".escape($row['gateway_uuid']).":".escape($row['gateway'])."\" selected=\"selected\">".escape($row['gateway'])."</option>\n";
 			}
 			else {
@@ -1127,7 +1127,7 @@ function type_onchange(dialplan_detail_type) {
 				echo "	</optgroup>\n";
 				echo "	<optgroup label='&nbsp; &nbsp;".$domain_name."'>\n";
 			}
-			if ($row['gateway'] == $gateway_3_name) {
+			if (!empty($gateway_3_name) && $row['gateway'] == $gateway_3_name) {
 				echo "		<option value=\"".escape($row['gateway_uuid']).":".escape($row['gateway'])."\" selected=\"selected\">".escape($row['gateway'])."</option>\n";
 			}
 			else {
@@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ function type_onchange(dialplan_detail_type) {
 			}
 		}
 		else {
-			if ($row['gateway'] == $gateway_3_name) {
+			if (!empty($gateway_3_name) && $row['gateway'] == $gateway_3_name) {
 				echo "		<option value=\"".escape($row['gateway_uuid']).":".escape($row['gateway'])."\" selected=\"selected\">".escape($row['gateway'])."</option>\n";
 			}
 			else {
@@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@ function type_onchange(dialplan_detail_type) {
 	echo "	<div id=\"enter_custom_outbound_prefix_box\" style=\"display:none\">\n";
 	echo "		<input class='formfld' style='width: 10%;' type='text' name='custom-outbound-prefix' id=\"outbound_prefix\" maxlength='255'>\n";
 	echo "		<input type='button' class='btn' name='' onclick=\"update_outbound_prefix()\" value='".$text['button-add']."'>\n";
-	echo "		<br />".$text['description-enter-custom-outbound-prefix'].".\n";
+	//echo "		<br />".$text['description-enter-custom-outbound-prefix'].".\n";
 	echo "	</div>\n";
 
 	echo "	<select name='dialplan_expression_select' id='dialplan_expression_select' onchange=\"update_dialplan_expression()\" class='formfld'>\n";
@@ -1289,7 +1289,7 @@ function type_onchange(dialplan_detail_type) {
 	echo "<td class='vtable' align='left'>\n";
 	echo "	<select name='dialplan_order' class='formfld'>\n";
 	//echo "		<option></option>\n";
-	if (strlen(htmlspecialchars($dialplan_order))> 0) {
+	if (!empty($dialplan_order) && strlen(htmlspecialchars($dialplan_order))> 0) {
 		echo "		<option selected='yes' value='".escape($dialplan_order)."'>".escape($dialplan_order)."</option>\n";
 	}
 	$i = 100;
@@ -1312,13 +1312,13 @@ function type_onchange(dialplan_detail_type) {
 	echo "<td class='vtable' align='left'>\n";
 	echo "	<select class='formfld' name='dialplan_enabled'>\n";
 	//echo "	<option value=''></option>\n";
-	if ($dialplan_enabled == "true") {
+	if (!empty($dialplan_enabled) && $dialplan_enabled == "true") {
 		echo "	<option value='true' selected='selected'>".$text['label-true']."</option>\n";
 	}
 	else {
 		echo "	<option value='true'>".$text['label-true']."</option>\n";
 	}
-	if ($dialplan_enabled == "false") {
+	if (!empty($dialplan_enabled) && $dialplan_enabled == "false") {
 		echo "	<option value='false' selected='selected'>".$text['label-false']."</option>\n";
 	}
 	else {
diff --git a/app/extensions/extension_edit.php b/app/extensions/extension_edit.php
index 452ff1d183..c12c0d5109 100644
--- a/app/extensions/extension_edit.php
+++ b/app/extensions/extension_edit.php
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 	if (!empty($_REQUEST["id"]) && is_uuid($_REQUEST["id"])) {
 		$action = "update";
 		$extension_uuid = $_REQUEST["id"];
-		$page = $_REQUEST['page'] ?? '';
+		$page = $_REQUEST['page'];
 	}
 	else {
 		$action = "add";
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
 
 			if ($total_extensions >= $_SESSION['limit']['extensions']['numeric']) {
 				message::add($text['message-maximum_extensions'].' '.$_SESSION['limit']['extensions']['numeric'], 'negative');
-				header('Location: extensions.php'.(is_numeric($page) ? '?page='.$page : null));
+				header('Location: extensions.php'.(isset($page) && is_numeric($page) ? '?page='.$page : null));
 				exit;
 			}
 		}
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@
 			}
 
 		//prevent users from bypassing extension limit by using range
-			if ($_SESSION['limit']['extensions']['numeric'] != '') {
+			if (!empty($_SESSION['limit']['extensions']['numeric'])) {
 				if (isset($total_extensions) && ($total_extensions ?? 0) + $range > $_SESSION['limit']['extensions']['numeric']) {
 					$range = $_SESSION['limit']['extensions']['numeric'] - $total_extensions;
 				}
@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@
 						header("Location: extensions.php");
 					}
 					else {
-						header("Location: extension_edit.php?id=".$extension_uuid.(is_numeric($page) ? '&page='.$page : null));
+						header("Location: extension_edit.php?id=".$extension_uuid.(isset($page) && is_numeric($page) ? '&page='.$page : null));
 					}
 					exit;
 			}
diff --git a/app/extensions/extension_imports.php b/app/extensions/extension_imports.php
index b6f099827c..21ea754642 100644
--- a/app/extensions/extension_imports.php
+++ b/app/extensions/extension_imports.php
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@
 					fclose($handle);
 
 				//save to the data
-					if (is_array($array)) {
+					if (!empty($array) && is_array($array)) {
 						$database = new database;
 						$database->app_name = 'extensions';
 						$database->app_uuid = 'e68d9689-2769-e013-28fa-6214bf47fca3';
diff --git a/app/fax/fax.php b/app/fax/fax.php
index 0ace610c06..51ac1cb0a2 100644
--- a/app/fax/fax.php
+++ b/app/fax/fax.php
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
 		$parameters['user_uuid'] = $_SESSION['user_uuid'];
 	}
 	$database = new database;
-	$num_rows = $database->select($sql, $parameters, 'column');
+	$num_rows = $database->select($sql, $parameters ?? null, 'column');
 
 //prepare paging
 	$rows_per_page = (!empty($_SESSION['domain']['paging']['numeric'])) ? $_SESSION['domain']['paging']['numeric'] : 50;
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
 	$sql .= order_by($order_by, $order, 'f.fax_name', 'asc');
 	$sql .= limit_offset($rows_per_page, $offset);
 	$database = new database;
-	$result = $database->select($sql, $parameters, 'all');
+	$result = $database->select($sql, $parameters ?? null, 'all');
 	unset($sql, $parameters);
 
 //create token
@@ -349,4 +349,4 @@
 //include the footer
 	require_once "resources/footer.php";
 
-?>
\ No newline at end of file
+?>
diff --git a/app/modules/resources/classes/modules.php b/app/modules/resources/classes/modules.php
index 62c8e6c1b0..5c55f086b0 100644
--- a/app/modules/resources/classes/modules.php
+++ b/app/modules/resources/classes/modules.php
@@ -867,7 +867,7 @@ if (!class_exists('modules')) {
 							}
 
 						//get module details
-							if (is_array($uuids) && @sizeof($uuids) != 0) {
+							if (!empty($uuids) && is_array($uuids) && @sizeof($uuids) != 0) {
 								$sql = "select ".$this->uuid_prefix."uuid as uuid, module_name as module, module_enabled as enabled from v_".$this->table." ";
 								$sql .= "where ".$this->uuid_prefix."uuid in (".implode(', ', $uuids).") ";
 								$database = new database;
diff --git a/app/voicemails/voicemail_imports.php b/app/voicemails/voicemail_imports.php
index 39725a6c54..d968734cf5 100644
--- a/app/voicemails/voicemail_imports.php
+++ b/app/voicemails/voicemail_imports.php
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@
 					fclose($handle);
 
 				//save to the data
-					if (is_array($array)) {
+					if (!empty($array) && is_array($array)) {
 						$database = new database;
 						$database->app_name = 'voicemails';
 						$database->app_uuid = 'b523c2d2-64cd-46f1-9520-ca4b4098e044';
diff --git a/core/default_settings/default_setting_edit.php b/core/default_settings/default_setting_edit.php
index 86f9080f55..a07dabe04b 100644
--- a/core/default_settings/default_setting_edit.php
+++ b/core/default_settings/default_setting_edit.php
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@
 
 //pre-populate the form
 	if (count($_GET) > 0 && empty($_POST["persistformvar"])) {
-		$default_setting_uuid = $_GET["id"];
+		$default_setting_uuid = $_GET["id"] ?? '';
 		$sql = "select default_setting_uuid, default_setting_category, default_setting_subcategory, default_setting_name, default_setting_value, default_setting_order, cast(default_setting_enabled as text), default_setting_description ";
 		$sql .= "from v_default_settings ";
 		$sql .= "where default_setting_uuid = :default_setting_uuid ";
diff --git a/core/default_settings/default_settings_reload.php b/core/default_settings/default_settings_reload.php
index 94ff06fffd..5ac9a854d5 100644
--- a/core/default_settings/default_settings_reload.php
+++ b/core/default_settings/default_settings_reload.php
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ $language = new text;
 $text = $language->get();
 
 //set the variables
-$search = $_REQUEST['search'] ?? null;
+$search = $_REQUEST['search'] ?? '';
 $domain_uuid = $_GET['id'] ?? null;
 
 //reload default settings